记一次外置硬盘安装MacOS 后升级系统报错的问题
问题
之前系统更新系统都是正常就更新上了，但是今天突然发现更新系统时报错
下载和安装系统都是没有问题，但是安装完成重启系统时就报错了，报错信息如下：
我们查看一下报错详细信息，可以看到有 panic，这意味着在处理 APFS 加密分区（尤其是使用软件加密）时出现了数据块偏移不对齐的问题，具体错误位置是 APFS 的代码部分。
panic(cpu 9 caller ...apfs_filter.cpp:1713 Assertion failed: !(cpOffset % CRYPTO_SW_BLKSIZE)
panic(cpu 9 caller 0xfffffe003c26eccc): /AppleInternal/Library/BuildRoots/8e73c1d7-15ec-11f0-9c06-f2a857e00a32/Library/Caches/com.apple.xbs/Sources/apfs/kext/apfs_filter.cpp:1713 Assertion failed: !(cpOffset % CRYPTO_SW_BLKSIZE)
Debugger message: panic
Memory ID: 0x6
OS release type: User
OS version: 24F5053f
Kernel version: Darwin Kernel Version 24.5.0: Thu Apr 10 20:23:02 PDT 2025; root:xnu-11417.120.96.501.2~2/RELEASE_ARM64_T8132
Fileset Kernelcache UUID: 3BE1CF155D5D4F7FF48BA1D67B49931E
Kernel UUID: E2C56BAB-88AB-31E0-A799-E6CAD75EDEBB
Boot session UUID: EEE7F407-775C-4854-9656-67DE2FDCE1FA
iBoot version: iBoot-11881.120.111.0.1
iBoot Stage 2 version: iBoot-11881.120.111.0.1
secure boot?: YES
roots installed: 0
Paniclog version: 14
Debug Header address: 0xfffffe001a27d000
Debug Header entry count: 3
TXM load address: 0xfffffe002a1fc000
TXM UUID: F051A1E9-CC6C-3317-AFC8-1B1D4B182B1E
Debug Header kernelcache load address: 0xfffffe003a1fc000
Debug Header kernelcache UUID: 3BE1CF15-5D5D-4F7F-F48B-A1D67B49931E
SPTM load address: 0xfffffe001a1fc000
SPTM UUID: 8C06B45A-06FC-3755-BC92-CDDBE421137E
KernelCache slide: 0x00000000331f8000
KernelCache base: 0xfffffe003a1fc000
Kernel slide: 0x0000000033200000
Kernel text base: 0xfffffe003a204000
Kernel text exec slide: 0x0000000034978000
Kernel text exec base: 0xfffffe003b97c000
mach_absolute_time: 0x51abebff
Epoch Time: sec usec
Boot : 0x68035377 0x000a343b
Sleep : 0x00000000 0x00000000
Wake : 0x00000000 0x00000000
Calendar: 0x680353ac 0x0001ce4e
Zone info:
Zone map: 0xfffffe1118000000 - 0xfffffe3718000000
. VM : 0xfffffe1118000000 - 0xfffffe16e4000000
. RO : 0xfffffe16e4000000 - 0xfffffe197e000000
. GEN0 : 0xfffffe197e000000 - 0xfffffe1f4a000000
. GEN1 : 0xfffffe1f4a000000 - 0xfffffe2516000000
. GEN2 : 0xfffffe2516000000 - 0xfffffe2ae2000000
. GEN3 : 0xfffffe2ae2000000 - 0xfffffe30ae000000
. DATA : 0xfffffe30ae000000 - 0xfffffe3718000000
Metadata: 0xfffffecc02010000 - 0xfffffecc0b810000
Bitmaps : 0xfffffecc0b810000 - 0xfffffecc0e604000
Extra : 0 - 0
CORE 0 recently retired instr at 0x0000000000000000
CORE 1 recently retired instr at 0x0000000000000000
CORE 2 recently retired instr at 0x0000000000000000
CORE 3 recently retired instr at 0x0000000000000000
CORE 4 recently retired instr at 0x0000000000000000
CORE 5 recently retired instr at 0x0000000000000000
CORE 6 recently retired instr at 0x0000000000000000
CORE 7 recently retired instr at 0x0000000000000000
CORE 8 recently retired instr at 0x0000000000000000
CORE 9 recently retired instr at 0x0000000000000000
TPIDRx_ELy = {1: 0xfffffe29e14f8620 0: 0x0000000000001009 0ro: 0x00000001b4ffcfe0 }
CORE 0: PC=0xfffffe003bb379bc, LR=0xfffffe003bb379b8, FP=0xfffffecd107dbe40
CORE 1: PC=0xfffffe003bb379bc, LR=0xfffffe003bb379b8, FP=0xfffffecd1196fe40
CORE 2: PC=0xfffffe003bb379bc, LR=0xfffffe003bb379b8, FP=0xfffffecd11cf7e40
CORE 3: PC=0xfffffe003bb379bc, LR=0xfffffe003bb379b8, FP=0xfffffecd11c4be40
CORE 4: PC=0xfffffe003bb379bc, LR=0xfffffe003bb379b8, FP=0xfffffecd10847e40
CORE 5: PC=0xfffffe003bb379bc, LR=0xfffffe003bb379b8, FP=0xfffffecd10ea7e40
CORE 6: PC=0xfffffe003bb379bc, LR=0xfffffe003bb379b8, FP=0xfffffecd11d03e40
CORE 7: PC=0xfffffe003ba0b518, LR=0xfffffe003ba0b518, FP=0xfffffecd11cc7ed0
CORE 8: PC=0xfffffe003bb2d3a4, LR=0xfffffe003bb379b0, FP=0xfffffecd11cebe40
CORE 9 is the one that panicked. Check the full backtrace for details.
Compressor Info: 0% of compressed pages limit (OK) and 0% of segments limit (OK) with 0 swapfiles and OK swap space
Panicked task 0xfffffe2ae4c2dc90: 21236 pages, 2 threads: pid 107: apfs_migrator
Panicked thread: 0xfffffe29e14f8620, backtrace: 0xfffffecd11bba6f0, tid: 2400
lr: 0xfffffe003b9ce454 fp: 0xfffffecd11bba780
lr: 0xfffffe003bb33af4 fp: 0xfffffecd11bba7f0
lr: 0xfffffe003bb31c48 fp: 0xfffffecd11bba8b0
lr: 0xfffffe003b981d28 fp: 0xfffffecd11bba8c0
lr: 0xfffffe003b9cdd48 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbacd0
lr: 0xfffffe003c26eca8 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbacf0
lr: 0xfffffe003c26eccc fp: 0xfffffecd11bbad20
lr: 0xfffffe003ec0cf4c fp: 0xfffffecd11bbb610
lr: 0xfffffe003e416698 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbb690
lr: 0xfffffe003ebf0fa8 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbb710
lr: 0xfffffe003ebf0844 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbb840
lr: 0xfffffe003ebeed38 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbb880
lr: 0xfffffe003c1c18b8 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbb8b0
lr: 0xfffffe003c1c1bc8 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbba40
lr: 0xfffffe003baf6b28 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbbb60
lr: 0xfffffe003b9d5688 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbbc00
lr: 0xfffffe003b9ab9c0 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbbc60
lr: 0xfffffe003b9bf988 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbbcb0
lr: 0xfffffe003b9bfda0 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbbda0
lr: 0xfffffe003bb2c108 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbbe50
lr: 0xfffffe003bb322b0 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbbf10
lr: 0xfffffe003b981d28 fp: 0xfffffecd11bbbf20
lr: 0xfffffe003b981cc0 fp: 0x0000000000000000
Kernel Extensions in backtrace:
com.apple.iokit.IOStorageFamily(2.1)[BEC8380D-23FC-39D3-89D0-2278122B84FF]@0xfffffe003e3f7730->0xfffffe003e418dc3
com.apple.filesystems.apfs(2332.120.29)[3E249030-475F-3A6E-9B83-0C35E5B9EAE0]@0xfffffe003ebaf780->0xfffffe003ed33db3
dependency: com.apple.driver.AppleEffaceableStorage(1.0)[FD9026D5-F4D4-3B83-8601-6721D66C037E]@0xfffffe003ca73770->0xfffffe003ca7861f
dependency: com.apple.iokit.CoreAnalyticsFamily(1)[C8F9C21B-9FC7-385C-A587-BC8C13BFF4E2]@0xfffffe003d7a6360->0xfffffe003d7af8a3
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOStorageFamily(2.1)[BEC8380D-23FC-39D3-89D0-2278122B84FF]@0xfffffe003e3f7730->0xfffffe003e418dc3
dependency: com.apple.kec.corecrypto(14.0)[9B150863-8989-3D0C-8C24-ADF537C1440B]@0xfffffe003ed727c0->0xfffffe003edcd307
dependency: com.apple.security.AppleImage4(7.0.0)[13B03983-BE19-36A2-97A8-E3D20F846020]@0xfffffe003cdee3a0->0xfffffe003ce11c33
last started kext at 242266806: com.apple.driver.AppleUVDMDriver 1.0.0 (addr 0xfffffe003a90e560, size 6648)
loaded kexts:
com.apple.driver.CoreKDL 1
com.apple.driver.AppleBiometricServices 1
com.apple.driver.DiskImages.ReadWriteDiskImage 493.0.0
com.apple.driver.DiskImages.UDIFDiskImage 493.0.0
com.apple.driver.DiskImages.RAMBackingStore 493.0.0
com.apple.driver.DiskImages.FileBackingStore 493.0.0
com.apple.driver.usb.realtek8153patcher 5.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleSmartBatteryManager 161.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltIP 4.0.3
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBDeviceNCM 5.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleFileSystemDriver 3.0.1
com.apple.nke.l2tp 1.9
com.apple.filesystems.tmpfs 1
com.apple.filesystems.nfs 1
com.apple.filesystems.lifs 1
com.apple.filesystems.apfs 2332.120.29
com.apple.IOTextEncryptionFamily 1.0.0
com.apple.filesystems.hfs.kext 683.100.9
com.apple.security.BootPolicy 1
com.apple.BootCache 40
com.apple.AppleFSCompression.AppleFSCompressionTypeZlib 1.0.0
com.apple.AppleFSCompression.AppleFSCompressionTypeDataless 1.0.0d1
com.apple.driver.SEPHibernation 1
com.apple.iokit.AppleBCM5701Ethernet 11.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleSmartIO2 1
com.apple.driver.ApplePMP 1
com.apple.driver.ApplePMPFirmware 1
com.apple.driver.AppleGL3590FirmwareUpdater 1
com.apple.driver.AppleProcessorTrace 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleAVD 862
com.apple.driver.AppleSPIMC 1
com.apple.driver.AppleProResHW 475.2
com.apple.AppleEmbeddedSimpleSPINORFlasher 1
com.apple.driver.AudioDMAController-T8132 450.4
com.apple.driver.AppleTypeCRetimer 1.0.0
com.apple.AGXG16G 327.1
com.apple.driver.AppleQSPIMC 1
com.apple.driver.AppleSamsungSerial 1.0.0d1
com.apple.driver.ApplePMUFirmwareDriver 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleMobileDispH16G-DCP 140.0
com.apple.driver.AppleSerialShim 1
com.apple.driver.AppleJPEGDriver 7.6.8
com.apple.driver.AppleAVE2 803.71.1
com.apple.driver.AppleSN012776Amp 840.26
com.apple.driver.AppleCS42L84Audio 840.26
com.apple.driver.usb.AppleSynopsysUSB40XHCI 1
com.apple.driver.AppleT8132SOCTuner 1
com.apple.driver.AppleT8132CLPC 1
com.apple.driver.AppleEventLogHandler 1
com.apple.driver.AppleT8132PMGR 1
com.apple.driver.AppleS8000AES 1
com.apple.driver.AppleS5L8920XPWM 1.0.0d1
com.apple.driver.AppleS8000DWI 1.0.0d1
com.apple.driver.AppleInterruptControllerV3 1.0.0d1
com.apple.driver.AppleBCMWLANBusInterfacePCIe 1
com.apple.driver.AppleBluetoothModule 1
com.apple.driver.AppleT8110DART 1
com.apple.driver.AppleS5L8940XI2C 1.0.0d2
com.apple.driver.AppleM68Buttons 1.0.0d1
com.apple.driver.AppleT8132 1
com.apple.iokit.IOUserEthernet 1.0.1
com.apple.driver.usb.AppleUSBUserHCI 1
com.apple.iokit.IOKitRegistryCompatibility 1
com.apple.iokit.EndpointSecurity 1
com.apple.driver.AppleDiskImages2 385.120.4
com.apple.AppleSystemPolicy 2.0.0
com.apple.kec.InvalidateHmac 1
com.apple.kec.AppleEncryptedArchive 1
com.apple.driver.AppleUVDMDriver 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleUVDM 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleMesaSEPDriver 100.99
com.apple.iokit.IOBiometricFamily 1
com.apple.driver.DiskImages.KernelBacked 493.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltPCIUpAdapter 4.1.1
com.apple.driver.usb.cdc.ecm 5.0.0
com.apple.driver.usb.cdc.acm 5.0.0
com.apple.driver.usb.serial 6.0.0
com.apple.driver.usb.IOUSBHostHIDDevice 1.2
com.apple.driver.usb.cdc 5.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBAudio 750.3
com.apple.iokit.IOAudioFamily 600.2
com.apple.vecLib.kext 1.2.0
com.apple.driver.AppleIOPADMAStream 240.2
com.apple.driver.AOPAudio2 240.2
com.apple.driver.AppleConvergedIPCOLYBTControl 1
com.apple.driver.AppleConvergedPCI 1
com.apple.driver.AppleBluetoothDebug 1
com.apple.driver.AppleBTM 1.0.1
com.apple.driver.AppleXsanScheme 3
com.apple.driver.usb.networking 5.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltUSBDownAdapter 1.0.4
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltDPInAdapter 8.5.1
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltDPAdapterFamily 8.5.1
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltPCIDownAdapter 4.1.1
com.apple.nke.ppp 1.9
com.apple.driver.AppleSEPHDCPManager 1.0.1
com.apple.driver.AppleBSDKextStarter 3
com.apple.kext.triggers 1.0
com.apple.driver.IOHIDPowerSource 1
com.apple.driver.AppleCallbackPowerSource 1
com.apple.filesystems.hfs.encodings.kext 1
com.apple.driver.AppleSyntheticGameController 12.5.2
com.apple.driver.AppleTrustedAccessory 1
com.apple.iokit.AppleSEPGenericTransfer 1
com.apple.driver.usb.AppleUSBHostPacketFilter 1.0
com.apple.iokit.IONVMeFamily 2.1.0
com.apple.AGXFirmwareKextG16GRTBuddy 1
com.apple.AGXFirmwareKextRTBuddy64 327.1
com.apple.driver.AppleSPU 1
com.apple.driver.ApplePTD 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleSART 1
com.apple.driver.AppleDCPDPTXProxy 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.DCPDPFamilyProxy 1
com.apple.iokit.IOPAudioDriverFamily 240.2
com.apple.driver.AppleH16ANEInterface 8.510.0
com.apple.driver.DMAChannelProxy 450.4
com.apple.driver.AudioSharedDARTMapperProxy 240.34
com.apple.driver.AudioDMAFamily 450.4
com.apple.driver.AudioDMACLLTEscalationDetector-Stub 450.4
com.apple.driver.AppleDiagnosticDataAccessReadOnly 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleNANDConfigAccess 1.0.0
com.apple.iokit.IOGPUFamily 104.4.1
com.apple.driver.AppleHPM 3.4.4
com.apple.driver.AppleSPMIPMU 1.0.1
com.apple.driver.AppleDialogPMU 1.0.1
com.apple.driver.DCPAVFamilyProxy 1
com.apple.iokit.IOMobileGraphicsFamily-DCP 343.0.0
com.apple.iokit.IOMobileGraphicsFamily 343.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleM2ScalerCSCDriver 265.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleT8132PCIeC 1
com.apple.driver.AppleDCP 1
com.apple.driver.AppleFirmwareKit 1
com.apple.driver.AppleStockholmControl 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleT8132PCIe 1
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBXDCIARM 1.0
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBXDCI 1.0
com.apple.iokit.IOUSBDeviceFamily 2.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleCSEmbeddedAudio 840.26
com.apple.driver.AppleEmbeddedAudio 840.26
com.apple.iokit.AppleARMIISAudio 440.17
com.apple.driver.IISAudioIsolatedStreamECProxy 440.17
com.apple.driver.ExclavesAudioKext 240.34
com.apple.driver.AppleEmbeddedAudioLibs 420.3
com.apple.driver.AppleFirmwareUpdateKext 1
com.apple.driver.AppleT8132TypeCPhy 1
com.apple.driver.usb.AppleSynopsysUSBXHCI 1
com.apple.driver.usb.AppleUSBXHCI 1.2
com.apple.driver.AppleEmbeddedUSBHost 1
com.apple.driver.usb.AppleUSBHub 1.2
com.apple.driver.usb.AppleUSBHostCompositeDevice 1.2
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltNHI 7.2.81
com.apple.driver.ApplePassthroughPPM 3.0
com.apple.driver.ApplePMGR 1
com.apple.driver.AppleA7IOP-ASCWrap-v6 1.0.2
com.apple.driver.AppleARMWatchdogTimer 1
com.apple.driver.AppleDisplayCrossbar 1.0.0
com.apple.iokit.IOThunderboltFamily 9.3.3
com.apple.iokit.IODisplayPortFamily 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleTypeCPhy 1
com.apple.iokit.IOPortFamily 1.0
com.apple.driver.AppleA7IOP-MXWrap-v1 1.0.2
com.apple.driver.AppleBluetoothDebugService 1
com.apple.driver.AppleBCMWLANCore 1.0.0
com.apple.iokit.IO80211Family 1200.13.1
com.apple.driver.IOImageLoader 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleOLYHAL 1
com.apple.driver.AppleSPMI 1.0.1
com.apple.iokit.IOAVBFamily 1320.3
com.apple.plugin.IOgPTPPlugin 1340.12
com.apple.driver.AppleGPIOICController 1.0.2
com.apple.driver.AppleMobileApNonce 1
com.apple.driver.AppleEverestErrorHandler 1
com.apple.driver.AppleMultiFunctionManager 1
com.apple.driver.corecapture 1.0.4
com.apple.driver.AppleEmbeddedPCIE 1
com.apple.driver.ApplePIODMA 1
com.apple.iokit.IOTimeSyncFamily 1340.12
com.apple.driver.DiskImages 493.0.0
com.apple.iokit.IOGraphicsFamily 599
com.apple.iokit.IOBluetoothFamily 9.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleUIO 1
com.apple.driver.AppleT8132ANEHAL 8.510.3
com.apple.driver.AppleSSE 1.0
com.apple.driver.AppleSEPKeyStore 2
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBTDM 556
com.apple.iokit.IOUSBMassStorageDriver 259.100.1
com.apple.iokit.IOPCIFamily 2.9
com.apple.iokit.IOUSBHostFamily 1.2
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBHostMergeProperties 1.2
com.apple.driver.usb.AppleUSBCommon 1.0
com.apple.driver.AppleSMC 3.1.9
com.apple.driver.RTBuddy 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleEmbeddedTempSensor 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleARMPMU 1.0
com.apple.iokit.IOAccessoryManager 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleOnboardSerial 1.0
com.apple.iokit.IOSerialFamily 11
com.apple.iokit.IOSCSIBlockCommandsDevice 500.120.2
com.apple.iokit.IOSCSIArchitectureModelFamily 500.120.2
com.apple.driver.AppleRSMChannel 1
com.apple.iokit.IORSMFamily 1
com.apple.driver.AppleLockdownMode 1
com.apple.driver.AppleIPAppender 1.0
com.apple.iokit.IOSkywalkFamily 1.0
com.apple.driver.mDNSOffloadUserClient 1.0.1b8
com.apple.iokit.IONetworkingFamily 3.4
com.apple.driver.AppleFDEKeyStore 28.30
com.apple.driver.AppleEffaceableStorage 1.0
com.apple.driver.AppleCredentialManager 1.0
com.apple.driver.AppleSEPManager 1.0.1
com.apple.driver.IODARTFamily 1
com.apple.driver.AppleA7IOP 1.0.2
com.apple.driver.IOSlaveProcessor 1
com.apple.driver.AppleBiometricSensor 2
com.apple.iokit.IOHIDFamily 2.0.0
com.apple.AUC 1.0
com.apple.iokit.IOSurface 372.5.2
com.apple.iokit.IOAVFamily 1.0.0
com.apple.iokit.IOHDCPFamily 1.0.0
com.apple.iokit.IOCECFamily 1
com.apple.iokit.IOAudio2Family 1.0
com.apple.driver.AppleIISController 440.2
com.apple.driver.AppleAudioClockLibs 420.3
com.apple.driver.FairPlayIOKit 72.13.0
com.apple.driver.AppleARMPlatform 1.0.2
com.apple.iokit.IOSlowAdaptiveClockingFamily 1.0.0
com.apple.iokit.IOReportFamily 47
com.apple.security.quarantine 4
com.apple.security.sandbox 300.0
com.apple.iokit.IOStorageFamily 2.1
com.apple.kext.AppleMatch 1.0.0d1
com.apple.driver.AppleMobileFileIntegrity 1.0.5
com.apple.iokit.CoreAnalyticsFamily 1
com.apple.security.AppleImage4 7.0.0
com.apple.kext.CoreTrust 1
com.apple.iokit.IOCryptoAcceleratorFamily 1.0.1
com.apple.kec.pthread 1
com.apple.kec.Libm 1
com.apple.kec.Compression 1.0
com.apple.kec.corecrypto 14.0
** Stackshot Succeeded ** Bytes Traced 121774 (Uncompressed 321120) **
skipping local kernel core because core file could not be opened prior to panic (mode : 0x0, error : 0xe00002d8)
分析
🔹1. 升级过程涉及系统分区重写、重加密
系统升级过程中，macOS 会对系统分区进行重建和/或迁移操作；
如果系统是安装在外置硬盘上，某些分区操作可能与加密逻辑或对齐方式不兼容（这也正是遇到的 panic：crypto block 对齐失败）；
APFS 加密分区在 USB 设备上，对控制器要求更高，部分国产品牌（即使是靠谱的如 Orico）也可能在极端写入压力下出现对齐错误。
🔹2. macOS 升级对 USB 外置磁盘支持不稳定
苹果并不官方推荐将主系统安装在 USB 外置盘上（尤其是用于升级）；
系统安装可以成功，但升级过程中可能会失败，尤其是在 beta 或 RC 版本；
panic 日志中提到 apfs_filter.cpp 也说明是在升级过程中尝试修改磁盘时崩溃。
解决方案
步骤一：关闭系统完整性安全检查
https://support.apple.com/zh-cn/guide/mac-help/mchl768f7291/15.0/mac/15.4
步骤二：关闭系统磁盘的FileVault（文件加密）
重启系统，更新正式版系统，重新成功。继续更新beta 版本，发现冲之前的 2GB 大小变为 15GB 大小，下载安装系统后更新成功
本文是原创文章，采用 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 协议，完整转载请注明来自 Lin
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